home *** CD-ROM | disk | FTP | other *** search
/ Space & Astronomy / Space and Astronomy (October 1993).iso / mac / TEXT / SPACEDIG / V12_6 / V12_692.TXT < prev    next >
Internet Message Format  |  1991-06-28  |  35KB
  1. Return-path: <ota+space.mail-errors@andrew.cmu.edu>
  2. X-Andrew-Authenticated-as: 7997;andrew.cmu.edu;Ted Anderson
  3. Received: from beak.andrew.cmu.edu via trymail for +dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl@andrew.cmu.edu (->+dist+/afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr11/tm2b/space/space.dl) (->ota+space.digests)
  4.           ID </afs/andrew.cmu.edu/usr1/ota/Mailbox/8bTN9x200VcJ03LE4m>;
  5.           Sun, 30 Dec 1990 02:08:45 -0500 (EST)
  6. Message-ID: <IbTN9Ve00VcJ43JU4D@andrew.cmu.edu>
  7. Precedence: junk
  8. Reply-To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU
  9. From: space-request+@Andrew.CMU.EDU
  10. To: space+@Andrew.CMU.EDU
  11. Date: Sun, 30 Dec 1990 02:08:19 -0500 (EST)
  12. Subject: SPACE Digest V12 #692
  13.  
  14. SPACE Digest                                     Volume 12 : Issue 692
  15.  
  16. Today's Topics:
  17.            Could Iraq shoot down recon satellites?
  18.         SECTION 7 OF 8  -  U.S.T.R. PART I (uuencoded)
  19.  
  20. Administrivia:
  21.  
  22.     Submissions to the SPACE Digest/sci.space should be mailed to
  23.   space+@andrew.cmu.edu.  Other mail, esp. [un]subscription notices,
  24.   should be sent to space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu, or, if urgent, to
  25.              tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu
  26.  
  27. ----------------------------------------------------------------------
  28.  
  29. ReSent-Message-ID: <YbOGtmi00VpGBZ4XpX@andrew.cmu.edu>
  30. ReSent-Date: Fri, 14 Dec 90 14:56:34 -0500 (EST)
  31. ReSent-From: "Todd L. Masco" <tm2b+@andrew.cmu.edu>
  32. ReSent-To: Space <space+@andrew.cmu.edu>
  33. Date:    Thu, 13 Dec 1990 8:11:15 CST
  34. From: HIGGINS@DALE.FNAL.GOV (Bill Higgins-- Beam Jockey)
  35. Subject: Could Iraq shoot down recon satellites?
  36. X-Vmsmail-To: SMTP%"space-request+@andrew.cmu.edu"
  37.  
  38. Iraq is under the watchful eyes of a number of superpower
  39. reconnaissance satellites in low orbit.  It's not a *large* number.  
  40.  
  41. Iraq has built its own ballistic missiles, variations on the Soviet
  42. "Scud."
  43.  
  44. Suppose you're an Iraqi missile engineer. Suppose Saddam Hussein
  45. called you and your colleaques in and said, "Boys, I want you to turn
  46. those missiles into anti-satellite weapons as soon as you can." Could
  47. you do it?  [Note that I am supposing you are a boy, too, a reasonable
  48. conjecture in the Iraqi defense establishment. (-:]
  49.  
  50. --Delivery vehicles which can reach range R ought, in a naive
  51. analysis, to be able to reach an altitude of .7071R (that is,
  52. [sqrt(2)/2]R, assuming a 45-degree launch angle gets you the maximum
  53. range).   R was about 500 km last I looked.
  54.  
  55. --This should be enough to get you to orbital altitude, but not
  56. orbital speed.  Then you put an essentially stationary payload in the
  57. path of a fast-moving satellite.  This is more or less the method
  58. employed by the (defunct) American air-launched ASAT missile.
  59.  
  60. --You don't need a precision-guided homing vehicle to damage your
  61. target satellite.  Arrive at a point on the satellite's orbit just as
  62. the satellite is arriving there too.  Fill some volume of space with
  63. small metal pellets.  Oldest trick in the book.  (The book is *The
  64. Exploration of Space*, Arthur C. Clarke, 1950.)
  65.  
  66. --Hence the problem hinges on making the cloud of pellets (volume
  67. which has pellets above some density with high kill probablilty)
  68. larger than the probable error of the delivery vehicle.   This is
  69. probably very tough.  I know the Iraqi IRBMs are not very accurate.  I
  70. should do some numbers.  Guess I'll do a follow-up posting soon.
  71.  
  72. --Tracking your targets is quite do-able.  Are they listed in the
  73. Two-Line Elements?  Could Iraq get these from Kelso's BBS in Ohio?  If
  74. not, optical or radar tracking could be kluged up.  It's be nice to
  75. have observations.
  76.  
  77. --Recon sats can manuver.  If you attack one, the allies will move all
  78. the others.  And they will keep jinking if necessary (how often? Once
  79. a day?) I presume the Iraqis would be hard pressed to keep up with
  80. this. Therefore:
  81.  
  82. --A surprise attack, taking out all adversary satellites in a short
  83. time, is called for.  This is a one-shot deal, so you'd better play
  84. this card it until it's militarily useful.  It could be used to cover
  85. preparations for a sudden attack.
  86.  
  87. --If you are fully successful,  the other guys will be blind until
  88. more low-orbit satellites can be launched.  I am fairly sure the
  89. Soviets could have one up in a week or two.   I am fairly sure the
  90. USAF will take several months.
  91.  
  92. --If you are partly successful, you may at least create a gap in photo
  93. coverage, a recurring period of time when you may safely move your
  94. forces around without being observed optically.
  95.  
  96. --This trick will not work on high-altitude satellites. I believe
  97. geosynchronous orbit is used mostly for signals-intelligence and
  98. missile-warning spacecraft, not high-resolution photoreconnaissance. 
  99. So the allied capability will be somewhat crippled, but there will
  100. still be some intelligence flowing from space.
  101.  
  102. --In particular, the ICBM-warning birds will probably see your
  103. launches, so your adversaries will know exactly what you're up to.
  104. (Hmm... can we make them look like gas-well fires?  (-:  I guess not.)
  105.  
  106. --The usefulness of this idea is dubious in the current context of
  107. Iraqi military operations.  It's still an interesting excercise.   It
  108. may apply to some other IRBM-packing nation in some future conflict.
  109.                                                                           
  110.      O~~*           /_) ' / /   /_/ '  ,   ,  ' ,_  _           \|/       
  111.    - ~ -~~~~~~~~~~~/_) / / /   / / / (_) (_) / / / _\~~~~~~~~~~~zap!      
  112.  /       \                          (_) (_)                    / | \      
  113.  |       |                      Bill Higgins
  114.  \       /                      Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
  115.    -   -                        Bitnet:                HIGGINS@FNALB.BITNET
  116.      ~                          Internet:             HIGGINS@FNAL.FNAL.GOV
  117.                                 SPAN/Hepnet/Physnet:         43011::HIGGINS
  118.  
  119. ------------------------------
  120.  
  121. Date:    Thu, 13 Dec 90 21:40:51 MST
  122. From: std_oler%HG.ULeth.CA@vma.cc.cmu.edu (Cary Oler)
  123. Subject: SECTION 7 OF 8  -  U.S.T.R. PART I (uuencoded)
  124. X-St-Vmsmail-To: ST%"space+@andrew.cmu.edu"
  125.  
  126.     Uuencoded Document:  Understanding Solar Terrestrial Reports - Part I
  127.  
  128.                               ------------------
  129.  
  130.                                 SECTION 7 of 8
  131.  
  132. Strip all of the lines from this message down to and including the "cut" line
  133. below.  Save the resulting message and collect the remaining sections of this
  134. document.  After you have obtained all of the sections, combine all of the
  135. parts into a single file (in the proper sequence).  Then uudecode the file.
  136. This will decode the file and place the resulting document in the file
  137. "part1.doc".  It may then be sent to a printer for printing.  Part II of
  138. Understanding Solar Terrestrial Reports must be handled in the same manner.
  139.  
  140.  
  141. ---------------------------------> Cut Here <----------------------------------
  142. M=&5D('1H870@<V]M92 @;V8*(" @=&AE("!F;VQL;W=I;F<@;6%T97)I86P@
  143. M;6%Y(&)E(&-O;G-I9&5R960@:6YC;VYC;'5S:79E(&%N9"!S=&EL;"!U;F1E
  144. M<@H@("!R97-E87)C:"X*"B @(" @(" @5&AE(')E861E<B!I<R!W87)N960@
  145. M=&AA="!T:&4@;6%T97)I86P@('=H:6-H("!F;VQL;W=S("!I<R @;V8@(&$*
  146. M(" @=&5C:&YI8V%L("!N871U<F4@(&%N9" @=&AE<F5F;W)E("!M87D@(&YO
  147. M="!B92!C;&5A<FQY('5N9&5R<W1O;V0N("!!;@H@("!A='1E;7!T('=I;&P@
  148. M8F4@;6%D92!T;R!P860@=&AE(&1I<V-U<W-I;VX@=VET:"!S=69F:6-I96YT
  149. M("!R969E<F5N8V5S"B @('1O('!R;W9I9&4@82!R97-P96-T86)L92!B86-K
  150. M9W)O=6YD(&]F(&EN9F]R;6%T:6]N('=I=&@@<F5G87)D<R!T;R!T:&4*(" @
  151. M9F]L;&]W:6YG(&1I<V-U<W-I;VYS+B @4&QE87-E(&YO=&4@=&AA="!T:&4@
  152. M9F]L;&]W:6YG(&UA=&5R:6%L(&ES(&YO= H@("!E<W-E;G1I86P@('1O("!T
  153. M:&4@=6YD97)S=&%N9&EN9R!O9B!T:&4@<V]L87(@=&5R<F5S=')I86P@<F5P
  154. M;W)T<RX@($ET"B @(&UA>2P@=&AE<F5F;W)E+"!B92!S:VEP<&5D(&)Y('1H
  155. M;W-E('=H;R @87)E("!N;W0@(&EN=&5R97-T960@(&EN("!T:&4*(" @<&]T
  156. M96YT:6%L("!I;7!A8W1S("!O9B @<V]L87(@(&%N9"!G96]P:'ES:6-A;"!A
  157. M8W1I=FET>2!O;B!T97)R97-T<FEA; H@("!S>7-T96US(&%N9"!T:&4@96YV
  158. M:7)O;FUE;G0N"@H@(" @(" @(%1H92!D:7-C=7-S:6]N(&)E;&]W(&AA<R!B
  159. M965N('-E<&%R871E9"!I;G1O('1W;R @;6%I;B @<V5C=&EO;G,N"@H*"B @
  160. M(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @1&5C96UB97(@,3,L(#$Y.3 *
  161. M"@H*"@H@(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @("T@,S8@
  162. M+0H*"B @(%1H92!F:7)S="!S96-T:6]N(&1I<V-U<W-E<R!T:&4@:6UP86-T
  163. M(&]F(&UA9VYE=&EC('-T;W)M<R!O;B!V97)Y(&QO;F<*(" @9W)O=6YD+6)A
  164. M<V5D(&-O;F1U8W1I=F4@;V)J96-T<R!S=6-H(&%S(&5L96-T<FEC86P@('!O
  165. M=V5R;&EN97,L("!P:7!E+0H@("!L:6YE<RP@(')A:6QW87D@;F5T=V]R:W,@
  166. M86YD('1E;&5C;VUM=6YI8V%T:6]N<R!N971W;W)K<RX@(%1H92!P<FEN8VDM
  167. M"B @('!L97,@9&ES8W5S<V5D(&%P<&QY('1O(&UO<W0@;V8@=&AE<V4@9FEE
  168. M;&1S+B @16UP:&%S:7,@:7,@('!L86-E9" @;VX*(" @=&AE("!E;&5C=')I
  169. M8V%L("!P;W=E<B @9V5N97)A=&EO;B!I;F1U<W1R>2P@=VAI8V@@8V%N('-T
  170. M<F]N9VQY(&%F9F5C= H@("!T:&4@=&5R<F5S=')I86P@8V]M;75N:71Y(&%S
  171. M(&$@=VAO;&4N("!4:&4@('-E8V]N9" @<V5C=&EO;B @9&ES8W5S<V5S"B @
  172. M('1H92!I;7!A8W0@;V8@<V5V97)E(&UA9VYE=&EC('-T;W)M<R!A;F0@<W1R
  173. M;VYG('-O;&%R(&9L87)E<R!O;B!A=&UO<RT*(" @<&AE<FEC(&-I<F-U;&%T
  174. M:6]N+"!W:&EC:"!I<R!S=&EL;"!I;B!A(")G<F5Y(B!A<F5A("!W:71H("!R
  175. M96=A<F1S("!T;PH@("!C;VYC;'5S:79E;F5S<RX*"B @(%\(-BY?"#$N("!?
  176. M"$U?"&%?"&=?"&Y?"&5?"'1?"&E?"&,@7PA37PAT7PAO7PAR7PAM(%\(25\(
  177. M;E\(9%\(=5\(8U\(=%\(:5\(;U\(;@H*(" @(" @("!4:&4@<')I;F-I<&QE
  178. M("!B>2 @=VAI8V@@(&EN=&5N<V4@(&UA9VYE=&EC("!F;'5C='5A=&EO;G,@
  179. M(&EN9'5C90H@("!C=7)R96YT<R @:6YT;R @;&]N9R @8V]N9'5C=&EV92 @
  180. M;V)J96-T<R @:7,@(&%L;6]S="!I9&5N=&EC86P@=&\@=&AE"B @('!R;V-E
  181. M<W-E<R!W:&EC:"!O8V-U<B!I;B!P;W=E<B @=')A;G-F;W)M97)S+B @(%1H
  182. M97-E("!P<FEN8VEP;&5S("!A<F4*(" @=V5L;" @=6YD97)S=&]O9" @86YD
  183. M("!H879E(&)E96X@97AT96YS:79E;'D@=F5R:69I960@8GD@86QL('1H;W-E
  184. M('=H;PH@("!A<F4@9F%M:6QI87(@=VET:"!A;F0@=7-E(&5L96-T<FEC86P@
  185. M=')A;G-F;W)M97)S+@H*(" @(" @("!$=7)I;F<@<V5V97)E(&=E;VUA9VYE
  186. M=&EC('-T;W)M<RP@=F5R>2!L87)G92!A;F0@(')A<&ED("!F;'5C='5A+0H@
  187. M("!T:6]N<R @:6X@('1H92 @:6YT96YS:71Y("!O9B @=&AE(&5A<G1H)W,@
  188. M=F%R:6]U<R!M86=N971I8R!C;VUP;VYE;G1S"B @(&]C8W5R+B @5&AE<V4@
  189. M9FQU8W1U871I;VYS(&]C8W5R(&EN(')E<W!O;G-E("!T;R @96QE8W1R:6-A
  190. M;" @8W5R<F5N=',*(" @=VAI8V@@;6]V92!T:')O=6=H('1H92!I;VYO<W!H
  191. M97)I8R!A;F0@;6%G;F5T;W-P:&5R:6,@<F5G:6]N<RX@($1U<FEN9PH@("!S
  192. M=')O;F<@;6%G;F5T:6,@<W1O<FUS+"!V97)Y(&1I<W1I;F-T(&%N9"!E;&%B
  193. M;W)A=&4@<WES=&5M<R!O9B!E;&5C='(M"B @(&EC86P@(&-U<G)E;G1S("!F
  194. M;W)M+B @(%1H97D@8V%N(&5X=&5N9"!O=F5R(&1I<W1A;F-E<R!O9B!T:&]U
  195. M<V%N9',@;V8*(" @;6EL97,@86YD(&%R92!G96YE<F%L;'D@8F5L:65V960@
  196. M=&\@<F5S:61E(&%T(&%N9" @86)O=F4@('1H92 @,3 P("!K;0H@("!H96EG
  197. M:'0@;&5V96PN"@H@(" @(" @($)Y(&5X86UI;FEN9R!T:&4@<F5C;W)D<R!F
  198. M<F]M(&UA;GD@(&UA9VYE=&EC("!O8G-E<G9A=&]R:65S+" @=&AE"B @(&QO
  199. M8V%T:6]N+"!S:&%P92P@:6YT96YS:71Y+"!A;F0@97AT96YT(&]F('1H:7,@
  200. M96QE8W1R:6-A;"!C=7)R96YT('-Y<RT*(" @=&5M(&-A;B!B92!D971E<FUI
  201. M;F5D+B @5&AE<V4@8W5R<F5N="!S>7-T96US('1E;F0@=&\@8F4@;6]S=" @
  202. M:6YT96YS90H@("!A;F0@('=E;&P@(&1E9FEN960@(&YE87(@('1H92 @875R
  203. M;W)A;"!Z;VYE+"!W:&5R92!T:&4@;6%G;F5T:6,@96YE<F=Y"B @(&1E<&]S
  204. M:71I;VX@:7,@9W)E871E<W0N"@H@(" @(" @($1U<FEN9R!A(&QA<F=E(&UA
  205. M9VYE=&EC('-T;W)M+"!T:&5S92!C=7)R96YT('-Y<W1E;7,@=6YD97)G;R!C
  206. M;VXM"B @('-T86YT("!C:&%N9V5S("!O9B @:6YT96YS:69I8V%T:6]N(&%N
  207. M9"!C;VQL87!S92X@(%1H97-E(&-H86YG97,@;V9T96X*(" @<')O9'5C92!I
  208. M;G1E;G-I=F4@;6%G;F5T:6,@<&5R='5R8F%T:6]N<R!D971E8W1E9"!A="!G
  209. M<F]U;F0M;&5V96P@;6%G+0H@("!N971I8R @;V)S97)V871O<FEE<RX@("!4
  210. M:&5S92 @<F%P:60L(&EN=&5N<V4@9FQU8W1U871I;VYS(&]F(&UA9VYE=&EC
  211. M"B @(&5N97)G>2 @8V]U<&QE("!W:71H("!L;VYG("!C;VYD=6-T:79E("!O
  212. M8FIE8W1S("!S=6-H("!A<R @<&]W97)L:6YE<RP*(" @=&5L96-O;6UU;FEC
  213. M871I;VX@(&QI;F5S+" @<&EP96QI;F5S+"!E=&,N("!!<R!T:&4@;6%G;F5T
  214. M:6,@9FEE;&0@8V]U+0H@("!P;&5S('=I=&@@=&AE<V4@<WES=&5M<RP@96QE
  215. M8W1R:6-A;"!C=7)R96YT<R!A<F4@('!R;V1U8V5D("!W:&EC:" @8V%N"B @
  216. M(')E86L@:&%V;V,@=VET:"!T:&5S92!T97)R97-T<FEA;"!S>7-T96US+@H*
  217. M(" @(" @("!&;W(@97AA;7!L92P@=&AE(&UA:F]R(&UA9VYE=&EC('-T;W)M
  218. M(&]F($UA<F-H(#$S("!A;F0@(#$T+" @,3DX.0H@("!I;F1U8V5D("!E;&5C
  219. M=')I8V%L(&-U<G)E;G1S(&]N(&UA;GD@;V8@=&AE(&5L96-T<FEC86P@<&]W
  220. M97(@9&ES=')I8G4M"B @('1I;VX@;F5T=V]R:W,@:6X@0V%N861A+B @26YD
  221. M=6-E9"!C=7)R96YT<R!M96%S=7)E9"!B>2 @3VYT87)I;R @2'ED<F\*(" @
  222. M9'5R:6YG("!T:&ES("!S=&]R;2 @=V5R92!A8F]U=" X,"!A;7!E<F5S+B @
  223. M3F5W9F]U;F1L86YD(&%N9"!,86)R861O<@H@("!(>61R;R!%;&5C=')I8R!5
  224. M=&EL:71I97,@=VET;F5S<V5D(&=E;VUA9VYE=&EC86QL>2!I;F1U8V5D(&-U
  225. M<G)E;G1S(&%S"B @(&AI9V@@(&%S(" Q-3 @(&%M<&5R97,N("!(>61R;R!1
  226. M=65B96,@97AP97)I96YC960@;6%G;F5T:6-A;&QY(&EN9'5C960*(" @8W5R
  227. M<F5N=',@<&]W97)F=6P@96YO=6=H('1O('-A='5R871E("!T<F%N<V9O<FUE
  228. M<G,N(" @5&AE("!T<F%N<V9O<FUE<@H@("!S871U<F%T:6]N<R @9V5N97)A
  229. M=&5D("!H87)M;VYI8W,@('=H:6-H("!T<FEP<&5D('!R;W1E8W1I=F4@<F5L
  230. M87ES(&]N"B @('-T871I8R!C;VUP96YS871O<G,N("!4:&4@;&]S<R!O9B!P
  231. M;W=E<B!C875S960@(&)Y("!T:&5S92 @979E;G1S(" H;V8*(" @;F5A<B Y
  232. M+#0U,"!-96=A=V%T=',I(&]V97)L;V%D960@=&AE(')E<W0@;V8@=&AE('-Y
  233. M<W1E;2!W:71H:6X@<V5C;VYD<PH@("!A;F0@<F5S=6QT960@:6X@82!T;W1A
  234. M;"!C;VQL87!S92X@(%1H92!E;G-U:6YG('!O=V5R("!B;&%C:V]U=" @;&%S
  235. M=&5D"B @(&%B;W5T(&YI;F4@:&]U<G,@86YD(&%F9F5C=&5D(&]V97(@<VEX
  236. M(&UI;&QI;VX@<&5O<&QE(&EN(%%U96)E8RX@(%1H:7,*"@H*(" @(" @(" @
  237. M(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @("!$96-E;6)E<B Q,RP@,3DY, H*"@H*"B @
  238. M(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @+2 S-R M"@H*(" @
  239. M<W1O<FT@:&%D(&UA;GD@969F96-T<R!O;B!T:&4@96QE8W1R:6-A;"!P;W=E
  240. M<B @:6YD=7-T<GDN(" @36%N>2 @<W1A+0H@("!T:6]N<R!E>'!E<FEE;F-E
  241. M9"!N=6UE<F]U<R!P;W=E<B!F;'5C='5A=&EO;G,L('9O;'1A9V4@9&5P<F5S
  242. M<VEO;G,@86YD"B @('-U<F=E<RX*"B @(" @(" @270@:&%S(&)E96X@8V]N
  243. M9FER;65D('1H870@('1H92 @<&5R:6]D<R @;V8@(&UA:F]R("!P<F]B;&5M
  244. M<R @;VX*(" @96QE8W1R:6-A;" @<WES=&5M<R @8V]R<F5L871E('9E<GD@
  245. M=V5L;"!W:71H('1H92!P96%K<R!O9B!G96]M86=N971I8PH@("!F;'5C='5A
  246. M=&EO;G,N("!-;W)E;W9E<BP@:70@:7,@:VYO=VX@=&AA="!T:&4@<W5S=&%I
  247. M;F5D(')A=&4@;V8@8VAA;F=E"B @(&]F("!M86=N971I8R @9FQU8W1U871I
  248. M;VYS(&ES('1H92!M;W-T(&EM<&]R=&%N="!P87)A;65T97(L('=H:6-H(&9O
  249. M;"T*(" @;&]W<R!T:&4@;F%T=7)A;"!L87=S(&%N9"!P:'ES:6-S(&]F(&5L
  250. M96-T<FEC86P@8W5R<F5N="!I;F1U8W1I;VXN"@H@(" @(" @(%1H92!E9F9E
  251. M8W1S(&]F(&=E;VUA9VYE=&EC('-T;W)M<R!O;B!L;VYG(&-O;F1U8W1I=F4@
  252. M;V)J96-T<R!H879E"B @(&)E96X@('-T=61I960@('-I;F-E("!T:&4@8F5G
  253. M:6YN:6YG(&]F('1H:7,@8V5N='5R>2X@(%-I;F-E('1H96XL(&UA;GD*(" @
  254. M875T:&]R<R!H879E(&5L86)O<F%T960@;VX@=&AE(&-H87)A8W1E<FES=&EC
  255. M<R!A;F0@<')I;F-I<&QE<R @=VAE<F5B>0H@("!S=6-H("!P:&5N;VUE;F$@
  256. M(&]C8W5R+B @1F]R(&$@9V]O9" H86QT:&]U9V@@=&5C:&YI8V%L*2!D:7-C
  257. M=7-S:6]N(&]F"B @('1H97-E('!R:6YC:7!L97,@86YD(&-H87)A8W1E<FES
  258. M=&EC<RP@(&-O;G-U;'0@('1H92 @<&%P97)S("!B>2 @0V%M<"T*(" @8F5L
  259. M;%LU72 L(%=A=&%N86)E(&%N9"!3:&EE<ELV72 L($%N9&5R<V]N(&5T(&%L
  260. M+ELW72 L(&%N9" @3&%N>F5R;W1T:0H@("!A;F0@1W)E9V]R:2Y;.%T*"B @
  261. M(" @(" @26X@<')E=FEO=7,@>65A<G,L('1E;&5C;VUM=6YI8V%T:6]N<R!C
  262. M86)L97,@:&%V92!B965N(&1A;6%G960@8GD*(" @;6%G;F5T:6,@<W1O<FUS
  263. M+B @1&%M86=E('=A<R!R97!O<G1E9"!I;B Q.34X(&%N9"!A9V%I;B!I;B Q
  264. M.3<R(&1U<FEN9PH@("!S979E<F4@9V5O;6%G;F5T:6,@<W1O<FUS+B @5&AE
  265. M<V4@;&EN97,@=V5R92!M861E(&]F(&-O;F1U8W1I=F4@(&UE=&%L"B @(&%N
  266. M9" @8V%R<FEE9"!M86=N971I8V%L;'DM:6YD=6-E9"!C=7)R96YT<R!T:')O
  267. M=6=H('1H92!L:6YE<R!T;R!E<75I<"T*(" @;65N="!C;VYN96-T960@=&\@
  268. M=&AE;2X@(%1H92!D86UA9V4@<W5S=&%I;F5D(&EN("!P<F5V:6]U<R @>65A
  269. M<G,@(&AA<PH@("!B965N("!L87)G92P@9&5S<&ET92!M971H;V1S('1O('!R
  270. M;W1E8W0@=&AE;2!A9V%I;G-T(&EN9'5C960@8W5R<F5N=',N"B @(%)E8V5N
  271. M=&QY(&AO=V5V97(L("!T<F%N<V%T;&%N=&EC("!T96QE8V]M;75N:6-A=&EO
  272. M;G,@(&-A8FQE("!H87,@(&)E96X*(" @<F5P;&%C960@=VET:"!F:6)R92UO
  273. M<'1I8R!L:6YE<RP@=VAI8V@@87)E(&YO="!C;VYD=6-T:79E+B @1'5R:6YG
  274. M('1H90H@("!M86IO<B!M86=N971I8R!S=&]R;2!O9B!-87)C:" Q.3@Y+"!T
  275. M:&4@9FEB<F4M;W!T:6,@8V%B;&4@:71S96QF("!S=7,M"B @('1A:6YE9" @
  276. M;F\@(&1A;6%G92 @86YD("!E>'!E<FEE;F-E9"!N;R!P<F]B;&5M<RX@($AO
  277. M=V5V97(L('1H92!P;W=E<BT*(" @<W5P<&QY(&QI;F5S('=H:6-H(&%C8V]M
  278. M<&%N>2!T:&4@9FEB<F4M;W!T:6,@8V%B;&5S("!A;F0@(&%R92 @8V]N9'5C
  279. M+0H@("!T:79E+" @<W5S=&%I;F5D("!D86UA9VEN9R @=F]L=&%G92!S=7)G
  280. M97,@87,@:&EG:"!A<R W,# @=F]L=',@9'5R:6YG"B @('1H92!-87)C:" Q
  281. M.3@Y(&UA9VYE=&EC('-T;W)M+@H*(" @(" @("!0:7!E;&EN97,@97AP97)I
  282. M96YC92!T:&4@<V%M92!K:6YD<R!O9B!D86UA9VEN9R!E9F9E8W1S(&%S("!O
  283. M8V-U<@H@("!O;B @<&]W97)L:6YE<R!A;F0@=&5L96-O;6UU;FEC871I;VYS
  284. M(&-A8FQE<RX@(%!R;W1E8W1I=F4@97%U:7!M96YT(&]N"B @('!I<&5L:6YE
  285. M<R!A<F4@=7-E9"!T;R!P<F5V96YT(')O9W5E('-U<F=E<R!F<F]M(&1A;6%G
  286. M:6YG('1H92!P:7!E;&EN97,*(" @=&AR;W5G:" @97AC97-S:79E("!E;&5C
  287. M=')O;'ET:6,@8V]R<F]S:6]N(&%T('=E86L@<&]I;G1S(&EN('1H92!P:7!E
  288. M+0H@("!L:6YE(&-O871I;F<N("!$=7)I;F<@=&AE($UA<F-H(#$Y.#D@<W1O
  289. M<FTL('1H97-E("!P<F]T96-T:79E("!S>7-T96US"B @('=E<F4@(')E;F1E
  290. M<F5D('5S96QE<W,@;VX@;6%N>2!P:7!E;&EN97,@9'5E('1O('1H92!E>&-E
  291. M<W-I=F4@8W5R<F5N=',*(" @=VAI8V@@=V5R92!P<F]D=6-E9"!D=7)I;F<@
  292. M=&AE("!S=&]R;2X@("!3;VUE("!E;&5C=')O;'ET:6,@(&-O<G)O<VEO;@H@
  293. M("!?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?"ALY(" @("!;-5T@*#$Y.#8I
  294. M($%N(&EN=&5R<')E=&%T:6]N(&]F(&EN9'5C960@96QE8W1R:6,@(&-U<G)E
  295. M;G1S("!I;B @;&]N9PH@("!P:7!E;&EN97,@(&-A=7-E9" @8GD@(&YA='5R
  296. M86P@(&=E;VUA9VYE=&EC('-O=7)C97,@;V8@=&AE('5P<&5R(&%T;6\M"B @
  297. M('-P:&5R93L@4W5R=F5Y<R!I;B!'96]P:'ES:6-S+"!V;VPN(#@L('!A9V5S
  298. M(#(S.2TR-3DN"ALY(" @("!;-ET@*#$Y.#(I($UA9VYE=&EC('-T;W)M(&5F
  299. M9F5C=',@(&]N("!P;W=E<B @=')A;G-M:7-S:6]N("!S>7-T96US.PH@("!'
  300. M96]M86=N971I8R!"=6QL971I;BP@;F\N(#(M.#(L($5A<G1H(%!H>7-I8W,@
  301. M0G)A;F-H+"!/='1A=V$N"ALY(" @("!;-UT@*#$Y-S0I(%1H92!E9F9E8W1S
  302. M(&]F(&=E;VUA9VYE=&EC("!S=&]R;7,@(&]N("!E;&5C=')I8V%L("!P;W=E
  303. M<@H@("!S>7-T96US.R @245%12 @5')A;G-A8W1I;VYS(&]N(%!O=V5R($%P
  304. M<&%R871U<R!A;F0@4WES=&5M<RP@=F]L+B!005,M"B @(#DS+"!N;RX@-"P@
  305. M<&%G97,@,3 S,"TQ,#0T+@H;.2 @(" @6SA=("@Q.3@V*2 @5&5L;'5R:6,@
  306. M(&-U<G)E;G1S.B!T:&4@;F%T=7)A;"!E;G9I<F]N;65N="!A;F0@:6YT97)A
  307. M8RT*(" @=&EO;G,@=VET:"!M86XM;6%D92!S>7-T96US.R!I;B!4:&4@($5A
  308. M<G1H)W,@($5L96-T<FEC86P@($5N=FER;VYM96YT+ H@("!5+E,N($Y20R!2
  309. M97!O<G0N"@H*"@H@(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @($1E8V5M
  310. M8F5R(#$S+" Q.3DP"@H*"@H*(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @
  311. M(" @(" @(" M(#,X("T*"@H@("!U;F1O=6)T86)L>2!O8V-U<G)E9"!O;B!M
  312. M86YY('!I<&5L:6YE<R!A<R!A(')E<W5L="X*"B @(" @(" @5&AE(&5F9F5C
  313. M=',@;V8@<W1R;VYG(&=E;VUA9VYE=&EC('-T;W)M<R!O;B @=&5R<F5S=')I
  314. M86P@('-Y<W1E;7,*(" @:7,@('=E;&P@(&MN;W=N+B @(%1H92 @<&]W97(@
  315. M86YD(&UA9VYI='5D92!O9B!T:&5I<B!I;F9L=65N8V4@8V%N+"!A= H@("!T
  316. M:6UE<RP@8F4@<F5M87)K86)L92 H87,@=V%S(&UA;FEF97-T(&)Y('1H92!L
  317. M87)G92!P;W=E<B @8FQA8VMO=70@(&EN"B @(%%U96)E8R @9'5R:6YG('1H
  318. M92!L87-T('-E=F5R92!G;&]B86P@9V5O;6%G;F5T:6,@<W1O<FTI+B @26YD
  319. M=7-T<GD@:7,*(" @<VQO=VQY(&1E=FES:6YG('=A>7,@86YD(&5Q=6EP;65N
  320. M="!T;R!C;W!E('=I=&@@<W1R;VYG("!M86=N971I8R @<&5R+0H@("!T=7)B
  321. M871I;VYS+" @8G5T("!I<R @<W1I;&P@(&$@(&QO;F<@('=A>7,@(&%W87D@
  322. M9G)O;2!I;6UU;FET>2!T;R!S=6-H"B @(&YA='5R86P@979E;G1S+@H*(" @
  323. M7P@V+E\(,BX@(%\(05\(=%\(;5\(;U\(<U\(<%\(:%\(95\(<E\(:5\(8R!?
  324. M"$-?"&E?"')?"&-?"'5?"&Q?"&%?"'1?"&E?"&]?"&X@7PA-7PAO7PAD7PAI
  325. M7PAF7PAI7PAC7PAA7PAT7PAI7PAO7PAN7PAS"@H@(" @(" @($9O<B @9&5C
  326. M861E<RP@(')E<V5A<F-H97)S("!H879E("!B965N("!A='1E;7!T:6YG("!T
  327. M;R @9&5T97)M:6YE"B @('=H971H97(@(&QA<F=E("!S;VQA<B @979E;G1S
  328. M("!A;F0@(&-O<G)E<W!O;F1I;F=L>2 @;&%R9V4@9V5O<&AY<VEC86P*(" @
  329. M86-T:79I='D@869F96-T('1H92!G;&]B86P@871M;W-P:&5R:6,@8VER8W5L
  330. M871I;VX@;V8@('1H92 @96%R=&@N(" @00H@("!G<F5A=" @9&5A;" @;V8@
  331. M(')E<V5A<F-H("!H87,@(&)E96X@9&]N92!I;B!T:&ES(')E<W!E8W0L(&%N
  332. M9"!F=7)T:&5R"B @(')E<V5A<F-H(&ES('-T:6QL(&YE961E9"!I;B!O<F1E
  333. M<B!T;R!Q=6%L:71A=&EV96QY("!C;VYF:7)M("!A;F]M86QI97,*(" @<')O
  334. M9'5C960@(&)Y("!A;GD@(&=E;W!H>7-I8V%L(&]R('-O;&%R(&%C=&EV:71Y
  335. M+B @26X@=&AI<R!S96-T:6]N+"!W90H@("!W:6QL('1O=6-H(&]N('-O;64@
  336. M;V8@=&AE(&%S<&5C=',@;V8@9V5O<&AY<VEC86P@(&%N9" @<V]L87(@(&%C
  337. M=&EV:71Y"B @('=H:6-H(&%P<&%R96YT;'D@:&%V92!B965N('=E;&PM8V]R
  338. M<F5L871E9"!W:71H(&-H86YG97,@:6X@871M;W-P:&5R:6,*(" @8VER8W5L
  339. M871I;VXN("!4:&4@<&AY<VEC86P@;65C:&%N:7-M<R!F;W(@<W5C:"!C:&%N
  340. M9V5S("!A<F4@(&YO=" @=V5L; H@("!K;F]W;BP@(&%N9" @8V5R=&%I;FQY
  341. M(&EN(&UA;GD@8V%S97,@87)E('-T:6QL(&AE879I;'D@9&ES<'5T960N("!(
  342. M;W<M"B @(&5V97(L('1H92!C;W)R96QA=&EO;G,@86-H:65V960@:6X@<')E
  343. M=FEO=7,@<F5S96%R8V@@8V%N;F]T(&)E("!E87-I;'D*(" @9&ES;6ES<V5D
  344. M+B @(%=E("!T:&5R969O<F4L(&5X<&5C="!T:&4@<F5A9&5R('1O('5N9&5R
  345. M<W1A;F0@=&AE(&YA='5R90H@("!O9B!T:&ES('-E8W1I;VX@86YD('1R96%T
  346. M(&ET(&%S(&EN8V]N8VQU<VEV92P@>65T(&-O<G)E;&%T960@979I9&5N8V4N
  347. M"B @($9O<B @;6]R92!I;F9O<FUA=&EO;BP@=V4@=')U<W0@=&AE(&EN=&5R
  348. M97-T960@<F5A9&5R('=I;&P@8V]N<W5L="!T:&4*(" @<&%P97)S(&%N9"!P
  349. M=6)L:6-A=&EO;G,@8VET960@:&5R96EN+@H*(" @7P@V+E\(,BY?"#$N("!?
  350. M"$%?"'1?"&U?"&]?"'-?"'!?"&A?"&5?"')?"&E?"&,@7PA07PAR7PAE7PAS
  351. M7PAS7PAU7PAR7PAE(%\(4E\(95\(<U\(<%\(;U\(;E\(<U\(95\(<R!?"'1?
  352. M"&\@7PA37PAO7PAL7PAA7PAR(%\(1E\(;%\(85\(<E\(95\(<PH*(" @(" @
  353. M("!!('!R;VYO=6YC960@8V5L;'5L87(@<W1R=6-T=7)E(&]F('!R97-S=7)E
  354. M(&-H86YG92!W87,@9&ES8V]V97)E9 H@("!B>2!38VAU=7)M86YS6SE=("P@
  355. M=VAO(&-A;&-U;&%T960@=&AE(&1I9F9E<F5N8V4@:6X@=&AE(#4P,"!M8B @
  356. M:&5I9VAT"B @(&)E9F]R92 @86YD("!A9G1E<B!A(&UA:F]R(&9L87)E+B @
  357. M02!T;W1A;"!O9B U,R!C87-E<R!W97)E(&]R:6=I;F%L;'D*(" @<W1U9&EE
  358. M9"P@=VAI8V@@=V%S(&QA=&5R("!E>'!A;F1E9" @=&\@(#@Q("!C87-E<R @
  359. M8GD@(%-C:'5U<FUA;G,@(&%N9 H@("!/;W)T+ELQ,%T@5&AE(&9L87)E('1H
  360. M<F5S:&]L9"!L979E;"!W87,@8VAO<V5N('1O(&)E(&]F(&]P=&EC86P@(&-L
  361. M87-S"B @(#)"("!O<B!G<F5A=&5R+B @1FQA<F5S(&]F(&-L87-S(#)"(&]R
  362. M(&=R96%T97(@=V5R92!T:&5R969O<F4@:6YC;'5D960*(" @:6X@=&AI<R!S
  363. M='5D>2X@($1A=&$@9G)O;2 Q,#(P(&]B<V5R=F%T:6]N(&QO8V%T:6]N<R!W
  364. M97)E('5S960@=&\@<')O+0H@("!V:61E("!C;W9E<F%G92 @;V8@(&UO<W0@
  365. M(&]F("!T:&4@(&YO<G1H97)N("!H96UI<W!H97)E+B @(%)E9VEO;G,@(&]F
  366. M"B @(&EN8W)E87-E9" U,# @;6(@:&5I9VAT(')I<V4@=V5R92!O8G-E<G9E
  367. M9"!N96%R("!T:&4@(&QO;F=I='5D97,@(#4P5RP*(" @,3$U5RP@(#$U,%<L
  368. M(" Q-C5%+" Q,S5%+"!A;F0@-44N("!(96EG:'0@9&5C<F5A<V5S('=E<F4@
  369. M;V)S97)V960@;F5A<@H@(" S-5<L(#$W-5<L(#$T-44L(&%N9" X-44N("!4
  370. M:&4@;6]S="!P<F]N;W5N8V5D(&-H86YG97,@=V5R92!A<F5A)W,@(&EN"B @
  371. M('1H92 @;6ED9&QE("!L871I='5D92!Z;VYE<R H-# @=&\@-C @9&5G<F5E
  372. M<RD@=VET:"!C96QL=6QA<B!G<F]U<&EN9W,*(" @;6]S="!A<'!A<F5N="!N
  373. M96%R('1H92!C;V%S=&%L(')E9VEO;G,N("!4:&4@:&5I9VAT("!D:69F97)E
  374. M;F-E<R @=V5R90H@("!O8G-E<G9E9"!T;R!B92!M;W-T;'D@;F5G871I=F4@
  375. M<&]L97=A<F0@;V8@86)O=70@-S @9&5G<F5E<R!L871I='5D92X*"B @(" @
  376. M(" @5&AE(&%P<&%R96YT(&-E;&QU;&%R("!S=')U8W1U<F4@(&]F("!P<F5S
  377. M<W5R92 @8VAA;F=E("!F;VQL;W=I;F<*(" @7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?
  378. M7U]?7U]?7PH;.2 @(" @6SE=("@Q.38U*2!);F9L=65N8V4@;V8@<V]L87(@
  379. M9FQA<F4@<&%R=&EC;&5S(&]N('1H92!G96YE<F%L("!C:7)C=2T*(" @;&%T
  380. M:6]N<R!O9B!T:&4@871M;W-P:&5R92X@($YA='5R92P@;F\N(#(P-2P@8F5G
  381. M:6YN:6YG(&]N('!A9V4@,38W+@H;.2 @(" @6S$P72 H,3DV.2D@($$@('-T
  382. M871I<W1I8V%L("!S='5D>2!O9B!P<F5S<W5R92!C:&%N9V5S(&EN('1H92!T
  383. M<F]P;RT*(" @<W!H97)E(&%N9"!L;W=E<B!S=')A=&]S<&AE<F4@869T97(@
  384. M<W1R;VYG('-O;&%R(&9L87)E<RX@4'5R92 @07!P;&EE9 H@("!'96]P:'ES
  385. M:6-S+"!N;RX@-S4L('!A9V5S(#(S,RTR-#8N"@H*"@H@(" @(" @(" @(" @
  386. M(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @($1E8V5M8F5R(#$S+" Q.3DP"@H*"@H*(" @(" @
  387. M(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" M(#,Y("T*"@H@("!M86IO
  388. M<B!S;VQA<B!F;&%R97,@=V%S(&%L<V\@9&5T96-T960@:6X@<W1U9&EE<R!P
  389. M97)F;W)M960@8GD@1'5E;&P@86YD"B @($1U96QL+ELQ,5T@57-I;F<@9&%T
  390. M82!C;VQL96-T960@8GD@1'5E;&P@(&%N9" @1'5E;&PL("!38VAU=7)M86YS
  391. M("!A;F0*(" @3V]R="!P97)F;W)M960@82!C<FET:6-A;"!S=&%T:7-T:6-A
  392. M;"!A;F%L>7-I<R!O;B!T:&4@86-C=6UU;&%T960@9&%T80H@("!A;F0@8V]N
  393. M8VQU9&5D('1H870@(G1H92!C96YT<F%L('9A;'5E<R!I;B!T:&4@(&UA:6X@
  394. M(&%R96%S("!O9B @:&5I9VAT"B @(&9A;&P@(&%N9"!H96EG:'0@<FES92!A
  395. M<F4@<')O8F%B;'D@;65A;FEN9V9U;"!A;F0@=&AU<R!N;W0@9'5E('1O('!U
  396. M<F4*(" @8VAA;F-E+B(*"B @(" @(" @4V-H=75R;6%N<R!A;F0@3V]R="!C
  397. M;VYT:6YU960@=VET:"!A;B!A;F%L>7-I<R @;V8@('1H92 @<')E<W-U<F4*
  398. M(" @8VAA;F=E<R @=VAI8V@@(&]C8W5R<F5D("!I;B!T:&4@=F5R=&EC86P@
  399. M<&QA;F4@8F5F;W)E(&%N9"!A9G1E<B!M86IO<@H@("!F;&%R97,@;V8@8VQA
  400. M<W,@,D(@;W(@9W)E871E<BX@(%1H97D@9F]U;F0@=&AA="!M87AI;75M(&9L
  401. M87)E(')E<W!O;G-E"B @('=A<R @9F]U;F0@('1O(&]C8W5R(&%T('1H92 S
  402. M,# @;6(@;&5V96PL(&%T(&QE87-T(&%L;VYG('1H92 V,"!D96=R964*(" @
  403. M;F]R=&@@;&%T:71U9&4@<&%R86QL96P@8F5T=V5E;B!L;VYG:71U9&5S(&]F
  404. M(&%P<')O>&EM871E;'D@(# @('1O(" W, H@("!D96=R965S("!W97-T+B @
  405. M(%1H92!G<F5A=&5S="!A=F5R86=E(&-H86YG92!O9B K-"XW(&=P9&T@=V%S
  406. M(&9O=6YD(&%T"B @('1H92 S,# @;6(@;&5V96P@;W9E<B!T:&4@3F]R=&@@
  407. M071L86YT:6,@8GD@82!S:&EP('!O<VET:6]N960@870@(#4V+C8*(" @3BP@
  408. M(#4Q+C @5RX@($%T(&AI9VAE<B!E;&5V871I;VYS+"!M87AI;75M(')E<W!O
  409. M;G-E('=A<R!N;W1E9"!T;R!O8V-U<@H@("!A<'!R;WAI;6%T96QY('-I>"!H
  410. M;W5R<R!A9G1E<B!F;&%R92 @=&EM92X@("!!=" @=&AE("!E87)T:"=S("!S
  411. M=7)F86-E"B @("AA<'!R;W@N(" Q,# P("!M8BDL("!T:&4@871M;W-P:&5R
  412. M:6,@8VAA;F=E<R!L86=G960@=&AE(&9L87)E('1I;64@8GD*(" @86)O=70@
  413. M='=O(&1A>7,N"@H@(" @(" @($%L;VYG('=I=&@@=&AE('!R97-S=7)E+6AE
  414. M:6=H="!C:&%N9V5S('=H:6-H('=E<F4@(&]B<V5R=F5D("!O=F5R"B @('1H
  415. M92 @3F]R=&@@071L86YT:6,@<F5G:6]N<RP@82!F86ER;'D@<VEG;FEF:6-A
  416. M;G0@8VAA;F=E(&EN('1H92!V97)T:2T*(" @8V%L('1E;7!E<F%T=7)E(&1I
  417. M<W1R:6)U=&EO;B!W87,@86QS;R!O8G-E<G9E9"!O=F5R('1H97-E(')E9VEO
  418. M;G,N(" @00H@("!M87AI;75M(&-H86YG92!O9B!N96%R("LQ+C$@9&5G<F5E
  419. M<R!#96QC:75S('=A<R!O8G-E<G9E9"!A="!T:&4@-3 P(&UB"B @(&QE=F5L
  420. M+"!A;F0@82!M87AI;75M("!D96-R96%S92 @;V8@(&%B;W5T(" M,2XX("!D
  421. M96=R965S("!#96QC:75S("!W87,*(" @;V)S97)V960@(&%T("!T:&4@(#(P
  422. M," @;6(@;&5V96PN("!4:&4@<W1R;VYG97-T('1E;7!E<F%T=7)E(&=R861I
  423. M96YT<PH@("!W97)E(&]B<V5R=F5D(&YE87(@=&AE(#,P,"!M8B!L979E;"!W
  424. M:&5R92!T:&4@8VAA;F=E(&EN("!P<F5S<W5R92 @=V%S"B @(&=R96%T97-T
  425. M+@H*(" @(" @("!4:&4@<W!E960@;V8@=&AE(&=E;W-T<F]P:&EC('=I;F0@
  426. M9FQO=R!I;F-R96%S960@;F]T86)L>2 @870@('1H90H@(" U,# @(&UB("!L
  427. M979E;" @:6X@(&QA=&ET=61E<R!F<F]M(#4U('1O(#<U(&1E9W)E97,@;F]R
  428. M=&@@8GD@86)O=70@,"XU"B @(&TO<RX@($YE87(@=&AE(#4P(&1E9W)E92!N
  429. M;W)T:"!L871I='5D92 @>F]N92P@(&$@(&1E8W)E87-E("!I;B @9V5O<RT*
  430. M(" @=')O<&AI8R!W:6YD(&9L;W<@8GD@86)O=70@,"XT(&TO<R!W87,@;V)S
  431. M97)V960N"@H@(" @(" @(%-E87-O;F%L;'DL('1H92!C96QL=6QA<B!S=')U
  432. M8W1U<F4@=VAI8V@@=V%S(&9O=6YD(&)Y("!38VAU=7)M86YS"B @(&%N9" @
  433. M3V]R="!C:&%N9V5S('9E<GD@;&ET=&QE+B @2&]W979E<BP@=&AE(&QA<F=E
  434. M<W0@8VAA;F=E<R!I;B!H96EG:'0*(" @=V5R92!F;W5N9"!I;B!T:&4@=VEN
  435. M=&5R(&%N9"!T:&4@<VUA;&QE<W0@8VAA;F=E<R!W97)E(&]B<V5R=F5D(&1U
  436. M<FEN9PH@("!T:&4@<W5M;65R+@H*(" @(" @("!#;VYS:61E<FEN9R!T:&4@
  437. M;&%R9V4@8VAA;F=E<R!I;B!P<F5S<W5R92 @870@('1H92 @." @:VT@(&AE
  438. M:6=H= H@("!L979E;" @9&]W;B!T;R!T:&4@<W5R9F%C92!O=F5R('1H92!.
  439. M;W)T:"!!=&QA;G1I8RP@9F]R;65D(&%F=&5R(&UA:F]R"B @(&9L87)E<RP@
  440. M;VYE('=O=6QD(&5X<&5C="!A(&UA<W,@=')A;G-P;W)T(&]F(&%I<B!D;W=N
  441. M=V%R9"X*"B @(" @(" @26X@86X@871T96UP="!T;R @9&5T97)M:6YE("!T
  442. M:&4@('9A;&ED:71Y("!O9B @=&AI<R @:'EP;W1H97-I<RP*(" @4F5I=&5R
  443. M6S$R72!M96%S=7)E9"!T:&4@8V]N8V5N=')A=&EO;G,@;V8@('1R86-E<B @
  444. M96QE;65N=',@($)E7C<@(&%N9 H@("!07C,R("!A=" @6G5G<W!I='IE+" @
  445. M=VAI8V@@:7,@;&]C871E9"!A="!A;B!E;&5V871I;VX@;V8@,BXY-B!K;2X@
  446. M($AE"B @(%]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U\*&SD@(" @(%LQ,5T@
  447. M*#$Y-#@I(%1H92!B96AA=FEO<B!O9B!A=&UO<W!H97)I8R!P<F5S<W5R92 @
  448. M9'5R:6YG("!A;F0@(&%F=&5R"B @('-O;&%R('!A<G1I8VQE(&EN=F%S:6]N
  449. M<R!A;F0@<V]L87(@=6QT<F%V:6]L970@:6YV87-I;VYS+B @4VUI=&AS;VYI
  450. M86X*(" @36ES8V5L;&%N96]U<R!#;VQL96-T:6]N(#$Q,"P@;F\N(#@N"ALY
  451. M(" @("!;,3)=("@Q.3<S*2 @26YC<F5A<V5D("!I;F9L=7@@(&]F("!S=')A
  452. M=&]S<&AE<FEC(&%I<B!I;G1O('1H92!L;W=E<@H@("!T<F]P;W-P:&5R92!A
  453. M9G1E<B!S;VQA<B!(+6%L<&AA(&%N9"!8+7)A>2!F;&%R97,N($IO=7)N86P@
  454. M;V8@1V5O<&AY<VDM"B @(&-A;"!297-E87)C:"P@(S<X+"!P86=E(#8Q-C<N
  455. M"@H*"@H@(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @($1E8V5M8F5R(#$S
  456. M+" Q.3DP"@H*"@H*(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @
  457. M(" M(#0P("T*"@H@("!F;W5N9"!S:6=N:69I8V%N=&QY(&EN8W)E87-E9"!C
  458. M;VYC96YT<F%T:6]N<R!O9B!T:&5S92!E;&5M96YT<R!O;B @=&AE"B @('-E
  459. M8V]N9" @9&%Y("!F;VQL;W=I;F<@(&UA:F]R("!F;&%R97,@(&]F("!I;7!O
  460. M<G1A;F-E(" R0B @;W(@9W)E871E<BX*(" @06-C;W)D:6YG('1O(%)E:71E
  461. M<BP@=&AE<V4@='=O(')A9&EO86-T:79E(&YU8VQI9&5S(&%R92!F;W)M960@
  462. M:6X@('1H90H@("!S=')A=&]S<&AE<F4@(&)Y("!C;W-M:6,@<F%Y('-P86QL
  463. M871I;VX@86YD('1H96ER(&EN8W)E87-E9"!C;VYC96YT<F$M"B @('1I;VYS
  464. M(&%T(%IU9W-P:71Z92!I<R!A;B!I;F1I8V%T:6]N(&]F(&$@;6%S<R @=')A
  465. M;G-P;W)T("!O9B @<W1R871O<RT*(" @<&AE<FEC(&%I<BX@(%)E:71E<B!N
  466. M;W1E9"!T:&%T('1H92!P;W-S:6)I;&ET>2!O9B!I;F-R96%S960@8V]N8V5N
  467. M=')A+0H@("!T:6]N<R!O9B!T:&4@=')A8V5R(&5L96UE;G1S(&%T(%IU9W-P
  468. M:71Z92!W87,@;F]T(&QI:V5L>2!T;R!H879E("!B965N"B @(&=E;F5R871E
  469. M9" @8GD@(&EN("!S:71U('!R;V1U8W1I;VX@8GD@96YH86YC960@<V]L87(@
  470. M8V]S;6EC(')A>2!F;'5X97,*(" @87-S;V-I871E9"!W:71H('1H92!F;&%R
  471. M97,L(&)E8V%U<V4@=&AE('!R;V1U8W1I;VX@<F%T92!W;W5L9"!B92 @;W)D
  472. M+0H@("!E<G,@(&]F(&UA9VYI='5D92!T;V\@<VUA;&P@=&\@97AP;&%I;B!T
  473. M:&4@;V)S97)V960@;G5C;&ED92!C;VYC96YT<F$M"B @('1I;VYS+B @1G5R
  474. M=&AE<FUO<F4L(&AE(&YO=&5D('1H870@=&AE("!M87AI;75M("!C;VYC96YT
  475. M<F%T:6]N<R @8V]I;BT*(" @8VED960@('=I=&@@(&UA>&EM=6US("!I;B!S
  476. M;VQA<B!W:6YD('9E;&]C:71Y(&%N9"!G96]M86=N971I8R!A8W1I=FET>0H@
  477. M("!F;VQL;W=I;F<@=&AE(&QA<F=E<B!F;&%R97,N("!4:&ES(&-O:6YC:61E
  478. M<R!N:6-E;'D@=VET:" @=&AE("!A=F5R86=E"B @(&%R<FEV86P@('1I;64@
  479. M(&]F("!L87)G92!I;G1E<G!L86YE=&%R>2!S:&]C:W=A=F5S(&9O<B!M86IO
  480. M<B!F;&%R97,@;V8*(" @8VQA<W,@,D(@;W(@9W)E871E<BX*"B @(%\(-BY?
  481. M"#(N7P@R+B @7PA!7PAT7PAM7PAO7PAS7PAP7PAH7PAE7PAR7PAI7PAC(%\(
  482. M15\(;%\(95\(8U\(=%\(<E\(:5\(8U\(85\(;"!?"$5?"&Y?"&A?"&%?"&Y?
  483. M"&-?"&5?"&U?"&5?"&Y?"'1?"',@7PAF7PAO7PAL7PAL7PAO7PAW7PAI7PAN
  484. M7PAG(%\(35\(85\(:E\(;U\(<B!?"$9?"&Q?"&%?"')?"&5?"',*"B @(" @
  485. M(" @3V)S97)V871I;VYS(&%N9"!M96%S=7)E;65N=',@;V8@871M;W-P:&5R
  486. M:6,@(&5L96-T<FEC86P@('!R;W!E<BT*(" @=&EE<R @=V5R92 @;6%D92 @
  487. M9'5R:6YG(" W," @;6%J;W(@(&9L87)E<R @8F5T=V5E;B @,3DU-B!A;F0@
  488. M,3DU.2!B>0H@("!296ET97(N6S$S72!/=&AE<B!I;G9E<W1I9V%T:6]N<R!H
  489. M879E(&)E96X@<&5R9F]R;65D(&)Y($AO;'IW;W)T:" @86YD"B @($UO>F5R
  490. M6S$T72P@0F]S<V]L87-C;R!E="!A;"Y;,35=(%LQ-ETL($UA<FMS;VY;,3==
  491. M+"!(97)M86X@(&%N9" @1V]L9"T*(" @8F5R9ULQ.%T@6S$Y72P@0V]B8ELR
  492. M,%TL(&%N9"!296ET97(N6S(Q72!;,C)="B @(%]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?7U]?
  493. M7U]?7U]?7U\*&SD@(" @(%LQ,UT@*#$Y-CDI(%-O;&%R(&9L87)E<R!A;F0@
  494. M=&AE:7(@:6UP86-T(&]N('!O=&5N=&EA;"!G<F%D:65N=" @86YD"B @(&%I
  495. M<BUE87)T:"!C=7)R96YT(&-H87)A8W1E<FES=&EC<R!A="!H:6=H(&UO=6YT
  496. M86EN('-T871I;VYS+B @4'5R92!!<"T*(" @<&QI960@1V5O<&AY<VEC<RP@
  497. M(S<R+"!P86=E<R R-3DM,C8W+@H;.2 @(" @6S$T72 H,3DW-RD@1&ER96-T
  498. M(&5V:61E;F-E(&]F('-O;&%R(&9L87)E(&5F9F5C=',@;VX@=V5A=&AE<B!R
  499. M96QA="T*(" @960@96QE8W1R:6,@9FEE;&1S(&%T(&)A;&QO;VX@86QT:71U
  500. M9&5S+B!%;W,@(S4X+"!P86=E(#0P,BX*&SD@(" @(%LQ-5T@*#$Y-S(I(%-O
  501. M;&%R(&9L87)E(&-O;G1R;VP@;V8@=&AU;F1E<G-T;W)M(&%C=&EV:71Y+" @
  502. M:6X@(%-T=61I"B @(&EN("!O;F]R92 @9&D@($<N("!!;&EV97)T:2P@26YS
  503. M=&ET=71O(%5N:79E<G-I=&%R:6\@3F%V86QE($1I($YA<&]L:2P*(" @<&%G
  504. M92 R,3,N"ALY(" @("!;,39=("@Q.3<S*2!4:'5N9&5R<W1O<FT@86-T:79I
  505. M='D@86YD(&EN=&5R<&QA;F5T87)Y(&UA9VYE=&EC(&9I96QD+@H@("!2979I
  506. M<W1A($ET86QI86YA(&1I($=E;V9I<VEC82 C,3(L('!A9V4@,CDS+@H;.2 @
  507. M(" @6S$W72 H,3DW,2D@0V]N<VED97)A=&EO;G,@<F5G87)D:6YG('-O;&%R
  508. M(&%N9"!L=6YA<B @;6]D=6QA=&EO;B @;V8*(" @9V5O<&AY<VEC86P@('!A
  509. M<F%M971E<G,L("!A=&UO<W!H97)I8R @96QE8W1R:6-I='DL(&%N9"!T:'5N
  510. M9&5R<W1O<FUS+@H@("!0=7)E($%P<&QI960@1V5O<&AY<VEC<RP@(S@T+"!P
  511. M86=E(#$V,2X*&SD@(" @(%LQ.%T@*#$Y-S8I("!3;VQA<B @86-T:79I='D@
  512. M(&%N9"!T:'5N9&5R<W1O<FT@;V-C=7)R96YC92X@($5O<R C-3<L"B @('!A
  513. M9V4@.3<Q+@H;.2 @(" @6S$Y72 H,3DW."D@26YI=&EA=&EO;B!O9B!N;VXM
  514. M=')O<&EC86P@=&AU;F1E<G-T;W)M<R @8GD@('-O;&%R("!A8RT*(" @=&EV
  515. M:71Y+B @2F]U<FYA;"!O9B!!=&UO<W!H97)I8R!497)R97-T<FEA;"!0:'ES
  516. M:6-S+" C-# L('!A9V4@,3(Q+@H;.2 @(" @6S(P72 H,3DV-RD@179I9&5N
  517. M8V4@;V8@82!S;VQA<B!I;F9L=65N8V4@;VX@=&AE("!A=&UO<W!H97)I8R @
  518. M96QE8RT*(" @=')I8R @96QE;65N=',@870@36%U;F$@3&]A($]B<V5R=F%T
  519. M;W)Y+B @36]N=&AL>2!796%T:&5R(%)E=FEE=RP@(SDU+ H@("!P86=E(#$R
  520. M+@H;.2 @(" @6S(Q72 H,3DW,2D@1G5R=&AE<B!E=FED96YC92!F;W(@:6UP
  521. M86-T(&]F('-O;&%R(&9L87)E<R!O;B!P;W1E;G1I86P*(" @9W)A9&EE;G0@
  522. M(&%N9" @86ER+65A<G1H(&-U<G)E;G0@8VAA<F%C=&5R:7-T:6-S(&%T(&AI
  523. M9V@@;6]U;G1A:6X@<W1A+0H@("!T:6]N<RX@(%!U<F4@07!P;&EE9"!'96]P
  524. M:'ES:6-S+" C.#8L('!A9V5S(#$T,BTQ-3@N"ALY(" @("!;,C)=("@Q.3<R
  525. M*2!#87-E('-T=61Y(&-O;F-E<FYI;F<@=&AE(&EM<&%C="!O9B!S;VQA<B!A
  526. M8W1I=FET>2 @=7!O;@H@("!P;W1E;G1I86P@(&=R861I96YT("!A;F0@(&%I
  527. M<BUE87)T:" @8W5R<F5N="!I;B!T:&4@;&]W97(@=')O<&]S<&AE<F4N"@H*
  528. M"B @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @1&5C96UB97(@,3,L(#$Y
  529. M.3 *"@H*"@H@(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @(" @("T@
  530. M-#$@+0H*"B @(" @(" @4F5I=&5R+"!A="!T:&4@6G5G<W!I='IE(&]B<V5R
  531. M=F%T;W)Y+"!F;W5N9"!T:&%T(&)O=&@@=&AE("!P;W1E;BT*(" @=&EA;" @
  532. M9W)A9&EE;G0@(&%N9" @=&AE(&%I<BUE87)T:"!C=7)R96YT(&1E;G-I='D@
  533. M:6YC<F5A<V5D(&)E9VEN;FEN9PH@("!S:&]R=&QY(&%F=&5R(&$@;6%J;W(@
  534. M9FQA<F4N("!4:&4@=F%L=65S('!E86ME9"!B971W965N(#,@86YD(" T("!D
  535. M87ES"B @(&%F=&5R('1H92!F;&%R92X*"B @(" @(" @365A<W5R96UE;G1S
  536. M(&-O;F1U8W1E9"!B>2!#;V)B(&]N($UA=6YA($QO82!M;W5N=&%I;B!I;B!(
  537. M87=A:6D@(&$*(" @9F5W("!Y96%R<R @96%R;&EE<B @:6YD:6-A=&5D("!A
  538. M('-H87)P(&EN8W)E87-E(&EN(&)O=&@@=&AE('!O=&5N=&EA; H@("!G<F%D
  539. M:65N="!A;F0@=&AE(&%I<BUE87)T:"!C=7)R96YT(&1E;G-I='D@9F]L;&]W
  540. M:6YG('-O;&%R(&9L87)E<R @86YD"B @(')E;6%I;F5D("!A8F]V92 @;F]R
  541. M;6%L("!F;W(@('-E=F5R86P@9&%Y<R!T:&5R96%F=&5R+B @0V]B8B=S('!E
  542. M86L@:6X*(" @<&]T96YT:6%L(&=R861I96YT(&]C8W5R<F5D(&%T(&%B;W5T
  543. M('1H92!S86UE('1I;64@87,@4F5I=&5R)W,L(#,@=&\@- H@("!D87ES("!A
  544. M9G1E<B!T:&4@;6%J;W(@9FQA<F5S+"!B=70@:&ES(&%I<BUE87)T:"!C=7)R
  545. M96YT(&1E;G-I='D@<&5A:V5D"B @(&]N;'D@;VYE(&1A>2!A9G1E<B!T:&4@
  546. M9FQA<F4N"@H@(" @(" @($ET('-H;W5L9"!B92!N;W1E9"!T:&%T('1H97-E
  547. M(&]B<V5R=F%T:6]N<RP@8GD@4F5I=&5R("!A;F0@($-O8F(L"B @('=E<F4@
  548. M<&5R9F]R;65D(&%T(&%L=&ET=61E<R!A8F]V92!T:&4@;6EX:6YG(&QA>65R
  549. M('=H97)E('1H92!P;W1E;G1I86P*(" @9W)A9&EE;G0@86YD(&%I<BUE87)T
  550. M:"!C=7)R96YT(&1E;G-I=&EE<R!D;R @;F]T("!U;F1E<F=O("!A;GD@(&QA
  551. M<F=E+ H@("!L;V-A;&EZ960@9FQU8W1U871I;VYS+B @5&AE<F5F;W)E+"!V
  552. M87)I871I;VYS(&EN('1H97-E('1W;R!P87)A;65T97)S"B @('-H;W5L9"!R
  553. M969L96-T(&-H86YG97,@;VX@82!G;&]B86P@<V-A;&4N"@H@(" @(" @(%1H
  554. M92!A=&UO<W!H97)I8R!E;&5C=')I8V%L(&-H86YG97,@=VAI8V@@87!P96%R
  555. M("!T;R @;V-C=7(@(&%F=&5R"B @('-O;&%R("!F;&%R97,@(&QE861S("!T
  556. M;R @=&AE("!Q=65S=&EO;B @;V8@('=H971H97(@=&AE(&]C8W5R<F5N8V4@
  557. M;V8*(" @;&EG:'1N:6YG(&9R97%U96YC>2!I;F-R96%S97,@869T97(@82!S
  558. M;VQA<B!F;&%R92X@("!7:71H("!R97-P96-T("!T;PH@("!T:&ES+"!296ET
  559. M97(@;F]T960@82 U-R4@:6YC<F5A<V4@:6X@<V9E<FEC<R!C;W5N=',@;6%X
  560. M:6UI>FEN9R!A8F]U=" T"B @(&1A>7,@869T97(@9FQA<F4M9&%Y(&1U<FEN
  561. M9R!T:&4@>65A<G,@,3DV-"!T;R Q.38W+B @5VAE;B!C;VUP87)E9" @=&\*
  562. M(" @4F5I=&5R<R @<F5S=6QT<R @<F5G87)D:6YG("!T:&4@('!O=&5N=&EA
  563. M;" @9W)A9&EE;G0@(&]V97(@=&AE<V4@<V%M90H@("!Y96%R<RP@:70@:7,@
  564. M9F]U;F0@=&AA="!T:&4@;6%G;FET=61E(&]F(&EN8W)E87-E<R!I;B @<V9E
  565. M<FEC<R @8V]U;G1S"B @(&%N9"!I;B!T:&4@<&]T96YT:6%L(&=R861I96YT
  566. M(&%R92!C;VUP87)A8FQE+@H*(" @(" @("!-87)K<V]N("@Q.3<Q*2!A;F%L
  567. M>7IE9"!T:&4@;V-C=7)R96YC92!F<F5Q=65N8WD@;V8@=&AU;F1E<G-T;W)M
  568. M<PH@("!W:71H("!S;VQA<B @9FQA<F5S(&EN('1H92!5;FET960@4W1A=&5S
  569. M(&9O<B!T:&4@<W5N<W!O="!M:6YI;75M('EE87)S"B @(#$Y-C0@=&\@,3DV
  570. M-2X@($AE(&9O=6YD(&$@-C,E(&EN8W)E87-E(&EN(&]C8W5R<F5N8V4@9G)E
  571. M<75E;F-Y("!M87AI;2T*(" @:7II;F<@(&%B;W5T(" W("!D87ES("!A9G1E
  572. M<B!F;&%R92!E<G5P=&EO;G,N("!(92!P;VEN=&5D(&]U="!T:&%T(&AI<PH@
  573. M("!M87AI;75M(&EN('1H92!5+E,N(&]C8W5R<F5D(&%B;W5T(#,@9&%Y<R!A
  574. M9G1E<B!T:&4@;6%X:6UU;2!I;B @<&]T96XM"B @('1I86P@9W)A9&EE;G0@
  575. M9F]U;F0@8GD@4F5I=&5R(&%T(%IU9W-P:71Z92X@(%1H:7,@;&]N9R!L86<@
  576. M=&EM92!T:&5R92T*(" @9F]R92!M86ME<R!I="!U;F-E<G1A:6X@*&%T(&QE
  577. M87-T+"!B87-E9"!O;B @=&AE<V4@(')E<W5L=',I+" @=VAE=&AE<@H@("!5
  578. M;FET960@(%-T871E<R!T:'5N9&5R<W1O<FT@86-T:79I='D@:7,@869F96-T
  579. M960@8GD@<V]L87(@86-T:79I='D@=&AE"B @('-A;64@87,@:6X@=&AE(')E
  580. M9VEO;G,@;V)S97)V960@8GD@4F5I=&5R+@H*(" @(" @("!/;B!A(&=L;V)A
  581. M8FP@8F%S:7,L($)O<W-O;&%S8V\@970@(&%L+B @9F]U;F0@('1H870@('1H
  582. M=6YD97)S=&]R;0H@("!A8W1I=FET>2 @:6YC<F5A<V5D("!B>2 U,"4@:6X@
  583. M<V]L87(@;6EN:6UU;2!Y96%R<R!A;F0@8GD@-S E(&EN('-O;&%R"B @(&UA
  584. M>&EM=6T@>65A<G,@86)O=70@-"!D87ES(&%F=&5R(&9L87)E(&5R=7!T:6]N
  585. M<RX@("!4:&4@(&9R97%U96YC>2 @;V8*(" @;&EG:'1N:6YG("!S=')I:V5S
  586. M("!I;B!T:&4@365D:71E<G)A;F5A;B!A<F5A('=A<R!O8G-E<G9E9"!T;R!I
  587. M;F-R96%S90H@("!M87)K961L>2!A8F]U=" T(&1A>7,@(&%F=&5R("!T:&4@
  588. M(&5R=7!T:6]N("!O9B @;&%R9V4@('-O;&%R("!F;&%R97,N"B @(%1H<F]U
  589. M9V@@<W5P97)P;W-E9"!E<&]C:"!A;F%L>7-I<R!O9B!T:&4@9&%T82!I;B!T
  590. M:&4@9F]R96=O:6YG+"!I="!H87,*(" @8F5E;B!E<W1A8FQI<VAE9" @=&AA
  591. M=" @=&AE("!O8V-U<G)E;F-E("!F<F5Q=65N8WD@(&)E9VEN<R @82 @;F]T
  592.  
  593. ------------------------------
  594.  
  595. End of SPACE Digest V12 #692
  596. *******************
  597.